14 May2014

Migration: The return of the children to the country of origin, a migration strategy Soninkés?

14 May 2014.

Immigration Soninke in Europe has dramatically changed its face . In military immigration during the two world wars , she changed into a " labor migration " and eventually a " immigration wives " or stand in the middle of the 1970s, aided by the law on family reunification . This has resulted in rejuvenation and feminization of immigration Soninke . Soninkées several women from the villages , brought their children " elders " and thus sustainably continued their motherhood.

We then witnessed the birth of a second immigration soninkée enjoying a special status. French citizens right they completely change the face of Soninke migration. They are fully French , born with the same rights and duties as Dupont, the Roux Dubois ... They attend schools in the Republic equate a Western lifestyle , immersed in a completely different from their parents' social model.

14 May2014

Contribution: Pride "Soninkaxu" in matters

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14 May 2014.

Known to be the people who ran the empire of Ghana (Wagadu) between 5th and 11th century, soninkos are mainly in four West African countries (Mauritania, Mali, Senegal and The Gambia).

Apart from these country, strong diasporas are present in several countries (in Europe, in America and in Central Africa). Islamized for several centuries, soninkos cling to their customs and traditions that govern their life together. For this reason, in the collective imagination Soninke, we can see an almost haughty pride in the quality of being soninke.

Our modest work of reflection will be dissecting this Soninkaaxu pride in its cultural aspect, social-political and religious. We try to bring a light reflected on certain terms (promoting culture, marriage, solidarity and fraternity) and their realities in Soninke society.

14 May2014

Sesame Soninke countries (Senegal, Mali, Mauritania)

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14 May 2014.

Article submitted to Soninkara.com by Monique Chastanet .

summary

From a Soninke proverb collected in the Bakel region ( Upper Senegal ), I reconstructed the story of an old resource , agricultural and gathering. It took me several years to identify the proverb cited in this plant because it was no longer cultivated since the mid-20th century. I have done crossing oral and written sources , including archives from the 18th and 19th century sources. Once placed on the track sesame, through new investigations and different jobs, I realized that several species were involved, cultivated or gathered ( Sesamum indicum , Sesamum radiatum , and Sesamum alatum Ceratotheca sesamoides ) . Spontaneous , on the other plants continue to be used for magico- therapeutic . Sesame was formerly cultivated as an oilseed plant, among different sources of fat , plant and animal matter . It was rivaled by peanuts , 18th and especially the 19th century, during the period of trafficking and early colonization. It is in the upper Senegal , in fact, began the commercial cultivation of this plant of American origin, long before the development of the Senegalese groundnut basin . This study shows how a proverb may, despite himself , playing a memorial role and become a source of history.

Keywords

Sesame, groundnuts , agriculture, harvesting , feeding, magico- therapeutic uses , local knowledge , proverbs, oral and written sources , Soninke , Senegal top sources.